It was extensively destroyed during the process of its recapture by Allied forces in It is disputed whether, or to what degree, the destruction was caused by Allied bombardments, aerial and artillery, versus demolition by retreating Germans. Most of the existing structures date from this time, or later; especially those in the town centre. This was completed as part of an attack on industrial infrastructure.
The town was liberated by American forces on 2 September Built on the banks of the Oise and the Saint-Quentin canal, the town still retains its port to this day. The national airports in Paris are an hour by car. The town is served by an important railway network and the railway line has passed through the town since The station was re built after the war to plans by Urbain Cassan.
The Saint-Quentin canal was built as a junction between the Somme and the Oise in , is popular with barges.
A very modern theatre often shows cultural exhibitions and performances. Close by are the forests of Saint-Gobain and Coucy Basse. Chauny is twinned with Andenne Belgium and Bergheim Germany. Chauny in ruins, 20 August ; after the town was recaptured by Allied forces. Deep frying submerges food in hot fat, most commonly oil.
Vacuum fryers are suitable to process low-quality potatoes with higher sugar levels than normal, as they frequently have to be processed in spring and early summer before the potatoes from the new harvest become available. In the UK, a chip pan is a deep-sided cooking pan used for deep-frying. Chip pans are named for their traditional use in frying chips. Most french fries are produced from frozen potatoes which have been blanched or at least air-dried industrially. It has been the standard for french fries in the United States.
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In the past, beef suet was recommended as superior, [4] with vegetable shortening as an alternative. French fries are fried in a two step process: the first time is to cook the starch throughout the entire cut at a low heat, and the second time is to create the golden crispy exterior of the fry at a higher temperature. This is necessary because if the potato cuts are only fried once, the temperature would either be too hot, causing only the exterior to be cooked and not the inside, or not hot enough where the entire fry is cooked, but its crispy exterior will not develop.
Although the potato cuts may be baked or steamed as a preparation method, this section will only focus on french fries made using frying oil. The water and heat break the glycosidic linkages between amylopectin and amylose strands, allowing a new gel matrix to form via hydrogen bonds which aid in water retention.
The moisture that gets trapped in between the gel matrix is responsible for the fluffy interior of the fry. The gelatinized starch molecules move towards the surface of the fries "forming a thick layer of gelatinised starch" and this layer of pre-gelatinized starch will turn into the crispy exterior after the potato cuts are fried for a second time. The golden-brown color of the fry will develop when the amino acids and glucose on the exterior participate in a Maillard browning reaction.
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In the United States and most of Canada , the term french fries , sometimes capitalized as French fries , or shortened to fries , refers to all dishes of fried elongated pieces of potatoes. Variations in shape and size may have names such as curly fries , shoestring fries , etc.
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In the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa , Ireland and New Zealand , the term chips is generally used instead, though thinly cut fried potatoes are usually called french fries , skinny fries , or pommes frites from French , to distinguish them from chips , which are cut thicker. A person from the US or Canada might instead refer to these more thickly-cut chips as steak fries , depending on the shape, as the word chips is more often used to refer to potato chips , known in the UK and Ireland as crisps. Thomas Jefferson had "potatoes served in the French manner" at a White House dinner in Warren: "French Fried Potatoes.
In the early 20th century, the term "french fried" was being used in the sense of "deep-fried" for foods like onion rings or chicken. As the place of origin of the potato, the earliest records of fries are found in Latin America. Currently, fries are a common side dish in Latin American cuisine or part of larger preparations like the salchipapas in Peru or chorrillana in Chile.
The French and Belgians have an ongoing dispute about where fries were invented, with both countries claiming ownership.
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Also, given 18th century economic conditions: "It is absolutely unthinkable that a peasant could have dedicated large quantities of fat for cooking potatoes. At least one source says that "french fries" for deep-fried potato batons was also introduced when American, Canadian, and British soldiers arrived in Belgium during World War I. The Belgians had previously been catering to the British soldiers' love of chips and continued to serve them to the other troops when they took over the western end of the front.
However, other sources disagree. Through the nineteenth century, fried potatoes became common enough that songs and engravings took the "Fried Potato Vendor" as a popular subject. But at first, these were cut in rounds. At that time, the term "french fries" was growing in popularity — the term was already used in the United States as early as — although it is not clear whether this referred to batons chips or slices of potato e. They are served with a large variety of Belgian sauces and eaten either on their own or with other snacks.
Friteries and other fast food establishments tend to offer a number of different sauces for the fries and meats. In Spain, fried potatoes are called patatas fritas or papas fritas. Another common form, involving larger irregular cuts, is patatas bravas. The potatoes are cut into big chunks, partially boiled and then fried. They are usually seasoned with a spicy tomato sauce, and the dish is one of the most preferred tapas by Spaniards.
In France and other French-speaking countries, fried potatoes are formally pommes de terre frites , but more commonly pommes frites , patates frites , or simply frites.
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The words aiguillettes "needle-ettes" or allumettes "matchsticks" are used when the french fries are very small and thin. One enduring origin story holds that french fries were invented by street vendors on the Pont Neuf bridge in Paris in , just before the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Eating potatoes for sustenance was promoted in France by Antoine-Augustin Parmentier , but he did not mention fried potatoes in particular. Many Americans attribute the dish to France and offer as evidence a notation by U. By the late s, a cookbook was published that used the term French Fried Potatoes.
Roughly 0. Pommes gaufrettes are waffle fries. A popular dish in France is steak frites , which is steak accompanied by thin french fries. The town of Florenceville-Bristol , New Brunswick , headquarters of McCain Foods , calls itself "the French fry capital of the world" and also hosts a museum about potatoes called "Potato World".
French fries migrated to the German-speaking countries during the 19th century. In Germany, they are usually known by the French words pommes frites , or only Pommes or Fritten derived from the French words, but pronounced as German words. Since the s, currywurst has become a widely-popular dish that is commonly offered with fries. Currywurst is a sausage often bratwurst or bockwurst in a spiced ketchup-based sauce, dusted with curry powder. Whilst eating 'regular' crispy french fries is common in South Africa, a regional favorite, particularly in Cape Town , is a soft soggy version doused in white vinegar called "slap-chips" pronounced " slup-chips " in English or " slaptjips " in Afrikaans.
They are occasionally made from unpeeled potatoes skins showing. British chips are not the same thing as potato chips an American term ; those are called "crisps" in Britain. In the UK, chips are part of the popular, and now international, fast food dish fish and chips.
In the UK, chips are considered a separate item to french fries. Chips are a thicker cut than french fries, they are generally cooked only once and at a lower temperature. The first commercially available chips in the UK were sold by Mrs. Although french fries were a popular dish in most British Commonwealth countries , the "thin style" french fries have been popularized worldwide in large part by the large American fast food chains such as McDonald's, Burger King , and Wendy's.
Simplot Company is credited with successfully commercializing french fries in frozen form during the s. Subsequently, in , Ray Kroc of McDonald's contracted the Simplot company to supply them with frozen fries, replacing fresh-cut potatoes. Pre-made french fries have been available for home cooking since the s, having been pre-fried or sometimes baked , frozen and placed in a sealed plastic bag. The average American eats around 30 pounds of french fries a year. Fries tend to be served with a variety of accompaniments, such as salt and vinegar malt, balsamic or white , pepper, Cajun seasoning, grated cheese, melted cheese, mushy peas , heated curry sauce, curry ketchup mildly spiced mix of the former , hot sauce, relish, mustard, mayonnaise, bearnaise sauce , tartar sauce, chili, tzatziki , feta cheese , garlic sauce, fry sauce , butter, sour cream, ranch dressing, barbecue sauce, gravy, honey, aioli , brown sauce , ketchup, lemon juice, piccalilli , pickled cucumber , pickled gherkins , pickled onions or pickled eggs.
French fries primarily contain carbohydrates mostly in the form of starch and protein from the potato, and fat absorbed during the deep-frying process.
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Salt, which contains sodium , is almost always applied as a surface seasoning. For example, a large serving of french fries at McDonald's in the United States is grams. Experts have criticized french fries for being very unhealthy. Install Krave today and become a part of the fastest growing gay, bi, and curious mobile community.
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