During the merger of municipalities, conducted by the Belgian government as an administrative simplification, the municipalities of Berchem , Borgerhout , Deurne , Ekeren , Hoboken , Merksem and Wilrijk were merged into the city. At that time the city was also divided into the districts mentioned above. Simultaneously, districts received an appointed district council; later district councils became elected bodies.
In the 16th century, Antwerp was noted for the wealth of its citizens "Antwerpia nummis". However, fire has destroyed several old buildings, such as the house of the Hanseatic League on the northern quays, in Although Antwerp was formerly a fortified city, hardly anything remains of the former enceinte , only some remains of the city wall can be seen near the Vleeshuis museum at the corner of Bloedberg and Burchtgracht. A replica of a castle named Steen has been partly rebuilt near the Scheldt-quais in the 19th century. Antwerp's development as a fortified city is documented between the 10th and the 20th century.
The fortifications were developed in different phases:. This is the population of the city of Antwerp only, not of the larger current municipality of the same name. At present, about 15, Haredi Jews, many of them Hasidic , live in Antwerp. Antwerp has an extensive network of synagogues, shops, schools and organizations. Rabbi Chaim Kreiswirth , chief rabbi of the Machsike Hadas community, who died in , was arguably one of the better known personalities to have been based in Antwerp.
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An attempt to have a street named after him has received the support of the Town Hall and is in the process of being implemented. The Jains in Belgium are estimated to be around about 1, people. The majority live in Antwerp, mostly involved in the very lucrative diamond business. There are significant Armenian communities that reside in Antwerp, many of them are descendants of traders who settled during the 19th century.
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One of the important sectors that Armenian communities in Antwerp excel and involved in is the diamond trade business, [56] [57] [58] [59] that based primarily in the diamond district. According to the American Association of Port Authorities , the port of Antwerp was the seventeenth largest by tonnage port in the world in and second only to Rotterdam in Europe. It handled Importantly it handles high volumes of economically attractive general and project cargo , as well as bulk cargo. Antwerp's docklands, with five oil refineries , are home to a massive concentration of petrochemical industries, second only to the petrochemical cluster in Houston , Texas.
There is a wind farm in the northern part of the port area. There are plans to extend this in the period — Antwerp's other great mainstay is the diamond trade that takes place largely within the diamond district. The industry never disappeared from Antwerp, and even experienced a second boom in the early twentieth century. By the year , Antwerp had over 13, diamond finishers.
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A six-lane motorway bypass encircles much of the city centre and runs through the urban residential area of Antwerp. The banks of the Scheldt are linked by three road tunnels in order of construction : the Waasland Tunnel , the Kennedy Tunnel and the Liefkenshoek Tunnel Daily congestion on the Ring led to a fourth high-volume highway link called the " Oosterweelconnection " being proposed. It would have entailed the construction of a long viaduct and bridge the Lange Wapper over the docks on the north side of the city in combination with the widening of the existing motorway into a lane motorway; these plans were eventually rejected in a public referendum.
In September the Flemish Government decided to replace the bridge by a series of tunnels. There are ideas to cover the Ring in a similar way as happened around Paris, Hamburg, Madrid and other cities. This would reconnect the city with its suburbs and would provide development opportunities to accommodate part of the foreseen population growth in Antwerp which currently are not possible because of the pollution and noise generated by the traffic on the Ring.
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An old plan to build an R2 outer ring road outside the built up urban area around the Antwerp agglomeration for port related traffic and transit traffic never materialized. Antwerp is the focus of lines to the north to Essen and the Netherlands, east to Turnhout, south to Mechelen, Brussels and Charleroi, and southwest to Ghent and Ostend. Antwerp Central station is an architectural monument in itself, and is mentioned in W G Sebald 's haunting novel Austerlitz.
Prior to the completion in of a tunnel that runs northwards under the city centre to emerge at the old Antwerp Dam station, Central was a terminus. Trains from Brussels to the Netherlands had to either reverse at Central or call only at Berchem station, 2 kilometres 1 mile to the south, and then describe a semicircle to the east, round the Singel. Now, they call at the new lower level of the station before continuing in the same direction. Antwerp is also home to Antwerpen-Noord, the largest classification yard for freight in Belgium and second largest in Europe.
The majority of freight trains in Belgium depart from or arrive here. It has two classification humps and over a hundred tracks. The city has a web of tram and bus lines operated by De Lijn and providing access to the city centre, suburbs and the Left Bank. The tram network has 12 lines, of which the underground section is called the " premetro " and includes a tunnel under the river. The Franklin Rooseveltplaats functions as the city's main hub for local and regional bus lines.
A small airport, Antwerp International Airport , is located in the district of Deurne , with passenger service to various European destinations. A bus service connects the airport to the city centre. This office is also CityJet 's Antwerp office.
Belgium's major international airport , Brussels Airport , is about 45 kilometres 28 miles from the city of Antwerp, and connects the city worldwide. It is connected to the city centre by bus, and also by train. The new Diabolo rail connection provides a direct fast train connection between Antwerp and Brussels Airport as of the summer of There is also a direct rail service between Antwerp calling at Central and Berchem stations and Charleroi South station, with a connecting buslink to Brussels South Charleroi Airport , which runs twice every hour on working days.
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The runway has increased in length, and there is now direct connectivity to Spain, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, and Greece from the city of Antwerp. The current city council was elected in the October elections. The current majority consists of N-VA, sp.
In the early years after Belgian independence, Antwerp was governed by Catholic-Unionist mayors. Between and , all mayors were from the Liberal Party except for the so-called Meeting-intermezzo between and Between and , the city had a Catholic mayor again: Frans Van Cauwelaert. Winters are more dominated by the maritime currents instead, with temps being heavily moderated.
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Antwerp had an artistic reputation in the 17th century, based on its school of painting , which included Rubens , Van Dyck , Jordaens , the Teniers and many others. Informally, most Antverpians in Dutch Antwerpenaren , people from Antwerp speak Antverpian daily in Dutch Antwerps , a dialect that Dutch-speakers know as distinctive from other Brabantic dialects for its characteristic pronunciation of vowels: an 'aw' sound approximately like that in 'bore' is used for one of its long 'a'-sounds while other short 'a's are very sharp like the 'a' in 'hat'.
Antwerp is a rising fashion city, and has produced designers such as the Antwerp Six. The city has a cult status in the fashion world, due to the Royal Academy of Fine Arts , one of the most important fashion academies in the world. It has served as the learning centre for many Belgian fashion designers.
Since the s, several graduates of the Belgian Royal Academy of Fine Arts have become internationally successful fashion designers in Antwerp. Antwerp is famous for its local products. In August every year the Bollekesfeest takes place. The Bollekesfeest is a showcase for such local products as Bolleke, an amber beer from the De Koninck Brewery. The Mokatine sweets made by Confiserie Roodthooft , Elixir D'Anvers, a locally made liquor, locally roasted coffee from Koffie Verheyen, sugar from Candico, Poolster pickled herring and Equinox horse meat, are other examples of local specialities.
One of the most known products of the city are its biscuits, the Antwerpse Handjes , literally "Antwerp Hands". Usually made from a short pastry with almonds or milk chocolate, they symbolize the Antwerp trademark and folklore. The local products are represented by a non-profit organization, Streekproducten Provincie Antwerpen vzw. They provide cafeterias, cultural and social activities as well as religious services.
The band dEUS was formed in in Antwerp. Their musical influences range from folk and punk to jazz and progressive rock. Cultuurmarkt van Vlaanderen is a musical festival and a touristic attraction that takes place annually on the final Sunday of August in the city center of Antwerp. Where international and local musicians and actors, present their stage and street performances. Linkerwoofer is a pop - rock music festival located at the left bank of the Scheldt. This music festival starts in August and mostly local Belgian musicians play and perform in this event.
Other popular festivals Fire Is Gold , and focuses more on urban music, and Summerfestival. Antwerp held the Summer Olympics , which were the first games after the First World War and also the only ones to be held in Belgium. The road cycling events took place in the streets of the city.
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Royal Antwerp F. They played at the Olympisch Stadion , the main venue of the Olympics. For the year , Antwerp was awarded the title of European Capital of Sport. Antwerp hosted the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. Antwerp hosted the start of stage 3 of the Tour de France on 6 July Antwerp has a university and several colleges.
Their roots go back to The University has approximately 23, registered students, making it the third-largest university in Flanders, as well as 1, foreign students. It has 7 faculties, spread over four campus locations in the city centre and in the south of the city. Artesis University College has about 8, students and 1, staff, and Charlemagne University College has about 10, students and 1, staff.
Plantin University College has approximately 3, students. The following places are twinned with or sister cities to Antwerp:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Municipality in Flemish Community, Belgium. This article is about the Flemish city. For the province, see Antwerp province.